See rother in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rudder",
"3": "rother"
},
"expansion": "English: rudder, rother",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rudder, rother"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rudder",
"3": "ruther",
"4": "ruder"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōþor"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōþor",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōþor; compare rowen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rothers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rodder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "roþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "rother",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rothers"
},
"expansion": "rother (plural rothers)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 16 3 3 5 11 15 15 8 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 0 22 21 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "enm:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 0 28 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "enm:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rudder or till; a steering implement for a ship."
],
"id": "en-rother-enm-noun-enm:rudder",
"links": [
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
],
[
"till",
"till"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:rudder"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 16 3 3 5 11 15 15 8 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 1 1 2 6 35 14 5 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 1 1 2 4 26 20 4 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 38 11 4 4 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "enm:Bovines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An oar; a long stick used for a boat's propulsion."
],
"id": "en-rother-enm-noun-aOvTebvY",
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 16 3 3 5 11 15 15 8 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 0 22 21 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "enm:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 38 11 4 4 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "enm:Bovines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who steers a boat (i.e. using a rudder)"
],
"id": "en-rother-enm-noun-iu9CKXBt",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) One who steers a boat (i.e. using a rudder)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 0 22 21 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "enm:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stick for mixing malt during brewing."
],
"id": "en-rother-enm-noun-xyJGJeii",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A stick for mixing malt during brewing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An administrator or director."
],
"id": "en-rother-enm-noun-WutQJDpa",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) An administrator or director."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːdər/"
}
],
"word": "rother"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rother"
},
"expansion": "English: rother",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rother"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrīþer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrīþer",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hrīþer, hrūþer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roþers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rothern",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryther",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reother",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruther",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rethur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "roþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reoþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "riþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rether",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruðer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reðer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rither",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rodder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rudder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rother",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roþers",
"pl2": "rothern"
},
"expansion": "rother (plural roþers or rothern)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 0 22 21 0 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "enm:Beer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 38 11 4 4 39",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "enm:Bovines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any kind or gender of bovine or bovid."
],
"id": "en-rother-enm-noun-enm:bovine",
"senseid": [
"enm:bovine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈriðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛðər/"
}
],
"word": "rother"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Beer",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Nautical",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rudder",
"3": "rother"
},
"expansion": "English: rudder, rother",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rudder, rother"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rudder",
"3": "ruther",
"4": "ruder"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōþor"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōþor",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōþor; compare rowen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rothers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rodder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rothar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "roþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"g": "",
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},
"expansion": "rother",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rothers"
},
"expansion": "rother (plural rothers)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A rudder or till; a steering implement for a ship."
],
"links": [
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
],
[
"till",
"till"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:rudder"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An oar; a long stick used for a boat's propulsion."
],
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One who steers a boat (i.e. using a rudder)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) One who steers a boat (i.e. using a rudder)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A stick for mixing malt during brewing."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A stick for mixing malt during brewing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An administrator or director."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) An administrator or director."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːdər/"
}
],
"word": "rother"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Beer",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Nautical",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rother"
},
"expansion": "English: rother",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rother"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrīþer"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrīþer",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hrīþer, hrūþer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roþers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rothern",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ryther",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reother",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruther",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rethur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "roþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reoþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "riþer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rether",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruðer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "reðer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rither",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rodder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rudder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
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},
"expansion": "rother",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roþers",
"pl2": "rothern"
},
"expansion": "rother (plural roþers or rothern)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any kind or gender of bovine or bovid."
],
"senseid": [
"enm:bovine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈriðər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɛðər/"
}
],
"word": "rother"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rother meaning in Middle English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.